Keller-Dorian
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Credit: Cinémathèque française, conservatoire des techniques, Paris.
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Credit: Cinémathèque française, conservatoire des techniques, Paris.
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Credit: Cinémathèque française, conservatoire des techniques, Paris.
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Credit: Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich. Source: Ede, François (1994): Jour de fête ou la couleur retrouvée. Cahiers du Cinéma: Paris.
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Principle of capturing and projecting lenticular film. Credit: Joakim Reuteler and Rudolf Gschwind, Digital Humanities Lab, University of Basel, Switzerland. Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich.
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Principle of capturing and projecting lenticular film. Credit: Joakim Reuteler and Rudolf Gschwind, Digital Humanities Lab, University of Basel, Switzerland. Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich.
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Principle of capturing and projecting lenticular film. Credit: Joakim Reuteler and Rudolf Gschwind, Digital Humanities Lab, University of Basel, Switzerland. Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich.
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Microscopic image of a piece of Keller-Dorian lenticular film embedded in epoxide resin. The 3-dimensional structure of the lenticules is visible as well as the thin emulsion layer on the other side of the acetate base.
Credit: Sample preparation and imaging by the Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich. -
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Lenticular surface of the acetate plastic base of Keller-Dorian lenticular film. On the back plane of the acetate layer and therefore out of focus in this image, structures defined by the silver image in the emulsion layer can be perceived.
Credit: David Pfluger, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors. Imaging was performed with support of the Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich. -
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Hexagonal structure of the lenticules of Keller-Dorian lenticular film.
Credit: David Pfluger, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors. Imaging was performed with support of the Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich. -
Microscopic images of the Keller-Dorian lenticular structure with the focus set at different points. The images have been chained to show a travelling through the 3-dimensional structure of the bee-hive shaped lenticules.
Credit: David Pfluger, conversion to video by Martin Weiss, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors. Imaging was performed with support of the Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich.
Galleries Open all Galleries ▼
Original Technical Papers and Primary Sources
Celestin, William E. (1936): The Keller-Dorian Three-Color Motion Picture Process. In: The International Photographer, 8,5, Jun., p. 13 and pp. 28–29. View Link
Ducom, Jacques (1924): Le cinématographe scientifique et industriel, son évolution intellectuelle, sa puissance éducative et morale. Paris: Albin Michel, on pp. 406–409 View Quote and on pp. 485–487. (in French) View Quote
Sci. Tech. Ind. Phot. (1923): 3, 12.
Bull. Soc. frang. Phot. (1923): 65, 26.
Brit. J. Phot. (1923): 70.
Col. Phot. Supp. 17, 10.
Photo-Börse, (1923): 5, 167.
Brit. J. Almanac, (1924): 385.
(According to: Wall, E.J. (1925): The History of Three-color Photography. Boston: American Photographic Pub. Co., pp. 667–669.) View Quote
Secondary Sources
Alt, Dirk (2011): “Der Farbfilm marschiert!” Frühe Farbfilmverfahren und NS-Propaganda 1933-1945. München: Belleville, on p. 40 View Quote, on p. 52 View Quote, on p. 75 View Quote, on p. 115 View Quote and on pp. 118–119. (in German) View Quote
Anonymous (1928): Naturfarben-Kinematographie nach Keller-Dorian-Berthon. In: Die Kinotechnik, 10,7, Apr., pp. 193–194. (in German) View Quote
Anonymous (1948): Eastman, Technicolor Sued by Keller-Dorian. $300 Million. In: International Projectionist, XXIII,12, Dec., p. 34. View Quote
Capstaff, J. G.; Seymour, M.W. (1928): The Kodacolor Process for Amateur Color Cinematography. In: Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers, 12, pp. 940-947, on pp. 940–941. View Quote
Dr. N. (1937): Linsenraster. In: Film-Kurier, 183, 2.8.1937, Serie “Farb-Film-Fibel”. (in German) View Quote
Ede, François (2013): Un épisode de l’histoire de la couleur au cinéma. Le procédé Keller-Dorian et les films lenticulaires. In: 1895. Mille huit cent quatre-vingt-quinze. Revue de l’association française de recherche sur l’histoire du cinéma, 71, pp. 187–202.
Ede, François (2017): Les recherches sur le cinéma En ‘couleurs naturelles’ chez Pathé avant 1914. In: Stéphanie Salmon and Jacques Malthête (eds.): Recherches et innovations dans l’industrie du cinéma. Les cahiers des ingénieurs Pathé (1906–1927). Paris: Fondation Seydoux Pathé, pp. 211–223, on pp. 216–217. (in French) View Quote
Jacquet-Loew, James (1923): La cinématographie en couleurs Keller-Dorian. In: Bulletin de la Société industrielle de Mulhouse, 89, pp. 421–426. View Link
Klein, Adrian Bernhard (Cornwell-Clyne) (1940): Colour Cinematography. Boston: American Photographic Pub. Co., p. 198. View Quote
Layton, James; Pierce, David (2015): The Dawn of Technicolor. Rochester: George Eastman House, on p. 258. View Quote
Le Guern, Nicolas (2017): Des recherches de Rodolphe Berthon chez Pathé en 1913-1914 au procédé lenticulaire Kodacolor. In: Stéphanie Salmon and Jacques Malthête (eds.): Recherches et innovations dans l’industrie du cinéma. Les cahiers des ingénieurs Pathé (1906-1927). Paris: Fondation Seydoux Pathé, pp. 225–241, on pp. 230–233. (in French) View Quote
Ryan, Roderick T. (1977): A History of Motion Picture Color Technology. London: Focal Press, p. 51. View Quote
Pinel, Vincent (1992): La forêt des techniques. In: Michel Ciment (ed.): Ciné mémoire. Colloque international d’information (7-9 octobre 1991). Paris: Femis, pp. 17–24, on pp. 20–21. (in French) View Quote
Theisen, Earl (1936): Notes on the History of Color in Motion Pictures. In: International Photographer, 8,5, June, pp. 8–9 and p. 24, on p. 9. View Quote
Wall, E.J. (1925): The History of Three-color Photography. Boston: American Photographic Pub. Co., pp. 667–669. View Quote
Downloads
Patents
D.R.P. 359,408 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed Feb. 13, 1921; granted Sept. 22, 1922)
Download PDFE.P. 7,540 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed May 19, 1915; granted May 19, 1916)
Download PDFE.P. 24,698 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed Dec. 28, 1914; granted Dec. 23, 1915)
Download PDFE.P. 158,511 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed Jan. 20, 1921; granted Nov. 24, 1921)
Download PDFE.P. 180,656 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed May 3, 1922; not granted)
Download PDFE.P. 207,836 (Keller-Dorian & Cie; filed Dec. 4, 1923; granted Dec. 18, 1924)
Download PDFE.P. 207,837 (Keller-Dorian & Co.; filed Dec. 4, 1923; not granted)
Download PDFE.P. 211,486 (Société du Film K.D.B.; filed Feb. 13, 1924; granted Feb. 19, 1925)
Download PDFE.P. 245,118 (Société du Film en Couleurs Keller-Dorian; filed Dec. 18. 1925; granted June 20, 1927)
Download PDFE.P. 246,829 (Société du Film en Couleurs Keller-Dorian; filed Jan. 19, 1926; granted June 20, 1927)
Download PDFE.P. 247,168 (Société Mondiale du Film en Couleurs Keller-Dorian; filed Jan. 19, 1926; granted Feb. 3, 1927)
Download PDFE.P. 261,363 (Société du Film en Couleurs Keller-Dorian; filed Nov. 3, 1926; granted Feb. 3, 1928)
Download PDFE.P. 262,466 (Société du Film en Couleurs Keller-Dorian; filed Dec. 3, 1926; granted March 17, 1927)
Download PDFE.P. 264,123 (Berthon, Rodolphe; filed July 2, 1926; granted May 26, 1927)
Download PDFE.P. 272,191 (Berthon, Rodolphe; filed May 20, 1927; granted Jan. 26, 1928)
Download PDFE.P. 284,995 (Société du Film en Couleurs Keller-Dorian; filed Feb. 6, 1928; granted Jan. 21, 1929)
Download PDFE.P. 285,035 (Société Française de Cinématographie et de Photographie Films en Coureurs Keller-Dorian; filed Feb. 8, 1928; granted March 7, 1929)
Download PDFE.P. 294,493 (Société Française Cinéchromatique (Procédés R. Berthon); filed July 23, 1928; granted Oct. 3, 1929)
Download PDFE.P. 294,579 (Société Française Cinéchromatique (Procédés R. Berthon); filed July 25, 1928; granted Nov. 25, 1929)
Download PDFE.P. 297,773 (Société Française de Cinématographie et de Photographie Films en Coureurs Keller-Dorian; filed Sept. 21, 1928; granted Dec. 23, 1929)
Download PDFE.P. 298,242 (Société Française Cinéchromatique (Procédés R. Berthon); filed Oct. 5, 1928; granted Nov. 21, 1929)
Download PDFE.P. 301,732 (Société Française Cinéchromatique (Procédés R. Berthon); filed Nov. 30, 1928; granted Oct. 31, 1929)
Download PDFE.P. 303,356 (Société Française Cinéchromatique (Procédés R. Berthon); filed Dec. 8, 1928; granted March 18, 1930)
Download PDFE.P. 303,357 (Société Française Cinéchromatique (Procédés R. Berthon); filed Dec. 18, 1928; granted April 22, 1930)
Download PDFE.P. 304,643 (Société Française de Cinématographie et de Photographie Films en Coureurs Keller-Dorian; filed June 29, 1928; granted Dec. 30, 1929)
Download PDFE.P. 304,669 (Société Française de Cinématographie et de Photographie Films en Coureurs Keller-Dorian; filed Jan. 23, 1929; granted Jan. 30, 1930)
Download PDFE.P. 314,995 (Société Française Cinéchromatique (Procédés R. Berthon); filed July 1, 1929; granted May 1, 1930)
Download PDFE.P. 317,051 (Société Française Cinéchromatique (Procédés R. Berthon); filed Aug. 2, 1929; granted Oct. 2, 1930)
Download PDFE.P. 349,267 (Société Française de Cinématographie et de Photographie Films en Coureurs Keller-Dorian; filed May 2, 1930; granted May 28, 1931)
Download PDFE.P. 365,108 (Société Française Cinéchromatique (Procédés R. Berthon); filed July 8, 1930; not granted)
Download PDFE.P. 374,993 (Société Française de Cinématographie et de Photographie Films en Coureurs Keller-Dorian; filed Apr. 7, 1931; granted June 23, 1932)
Download PDFFr.P. 466,781 (Rossi, Cesar; filed Feb. 21, 1914; granted July 16, 1914)
Download PDFFr.P. 516,050 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed May 27, 1920; granted Apr. 12, 1921)
Download PDFFr.P. 521,533 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed Jan. 19 1920; granted July 15, 1921)
Download PDFFr.P. 523,336 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed Jan. 21, 1920; granted Aug. 17, 1921)
Download PDFFr.P. 547,529 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed May 23, 1921; granted Dec. 18, 1922)
Download PDFFr.P. 547,530 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed May 23, 1921; granted Dec. 18, 1922)
Download PDFFr.P. 548,435 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed June 17, 1921; granted Jan. 15, 1923)
Download PDFFr.P. 548,894 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed July 26, 1921; granted Jan. 27, 1923)
Download PDFU.S.P. 1,214,552 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed Dec. 29, 1914; granted Feb. 6, 1917)
Download PDFU.S.P. 1,372,515 (Keller-Dorian, Albert; filed Feb. 2, 1921; granted Mar. 22, 1921)
Download PDF
Links
Celestin, William E. (1936): The Keller-Dorian Three-Color Motion Picture Process. In: The International Photographer, 8,5, Jun., p. 13 and pp. 28–29. View Link
Ede, François (2013): Un épisode de l’histoire de la couleur au cinéma. Le procédé Keller-Dorian et les films lenticulaires. In: 1895. Mille huit cent quatre-vingt-quinze. Revue de l’association française de recherche sur l’histoire du cinéma, 71, pp. 187–202.
Jacquet-Loew, James (1923): La cinématographie en couleurs Keller-Dorian. In: Bulletin de la Société industrielle de Mulhouse, 89, pp. 421–426.
Patents
Can.P. 222,374; Jahrbuch, 1915, 29, 142
Fr.P. 472,419
Contemporary Reception
Anonymous (1928): Keller Dorian at the New Gallery. In: The Bioscope, 1141,LXXVI, Aug., p. 24. View Quote
