Cosmocolor

Additive 2 color: Beam-splitter, double-coated

2 Images

Condax-Dytrol

Subtractive 3 color: dye imbibition process, still photography
“Around 1940, Condax-Speck, Inc., of New York started to market dyes and mordant for the Condax-Dytrol system of dye imbibition printing (Fig. 4.19). The system, developed by company owners Louis M. Condax (1897–1971) and Robert P. Speck, ...

Columbiacolor

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Eastman Color

Colorvision

Additive 3 color: Beam-splitter

Colorsnap, Colorol

Subtractive 3 color: dye imbibition process, still photography
“In 1929 the London firm Colour Snapshots Limited introduced Colorsnap, a printing service based on the dye imbibition process for a tripack roll film called Colorsnap and manufactured by Ilford Ltd. (Monopolies Commission 1966).11 The tripack ...

1 Image

Colorgraph / Cinecolorgraph

Subtractive 2 color: Beam-splitter, double-coated film
“The principle of the subtractive colour process was described first by Louis Ducos du Hauron in 1868. Although eminently suitable for colour motion pictures, the principle could not be applied until means were found of producing several colour ...

1 Image

Colorcraft

Additive 2 color: Bi-pack, double-coated

21 Images in 1 Gallery

Coloratura

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, dupitized positive, toned
“Coloratura. This is the process of Pathé Exchange at Bound Brook, N. J. Negatives are made by the bi-pack method. Prints are made on double-sided film and are dye-toned on one side and metallic-toned on the other. The double-sided film, ...

Color theory

Additive 3 color: Additive 3 color, still photography
“In a lecture on the theory of three primary colors, given at the Royal Institution of Great Britain on May 17, 1861, Maxwell presented the first demonstration of a photograph in color. According to the records of that meeting (Maxwell, 1890c, ...

1 Image

Color Cinema Corporation

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, double-coated

2 Images

Colcin

Additive 2 color: Simultaneous 1 strip
“The first two-colour additive method in which the two components were taken and projected simultaneously was the Colcin process, in 1913. The result of a Franco-Japanese collaboration, it was demonstrated at the International Kinematographic ...

1 Image

Cinemacolor

Additive 2 color: Beam-splitter, sub-standard vertical

2 Images

Cinekrome

Additive 2 color: Beam-splitter

Cinefotocolor

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack

Cinecolor additive 2 color / Cinecolour

Additive 2 color: Beam-splitter, substandard

2 Images

Cinecolor (subtractive 2 color)

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, duplitized film

93 Images in 9 Galleries

Cinechrome

Additive 2 color: Prism, rotary filter, double-sized film
“[…] pictures were taken side by side, full-size, on double-width film, the film not only being perforated on the edges but also down the centre between the pairs of images.” (Klein, Adrian Bernhard = Cornwell-Clyne (1940): Colour ...

3 Images

Cibachrome 1963, after 1991 renamed Ilfochrome

Subtractive 3 color: dye destruction process, silver dye-bleach, still photography
“The materials and processes described thus far have been either unsuccessful or short-lived for one reason or another; the trend changed with the launch of Cibachrome in the 1960s. The product and its subsequent forms dominated the silver ...

1 Image

Chromolithography

Applied colors: printing
Widely used in print media around 1900, the chromolithographic printing process was first adapted for the Laterna Magica and then utilized to produce early animated films primarily aimed at children. These films were usually very short ...

119 Images in 3 Galleries

Chromogenic film stock

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Chromogenic development

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic development

Chromo-Film

Additive 3 color: Double-sized film, rotary filter

Chromatone

Subtractive 3 color: silver toning, still photography
“Chromatone was the first commercially viable process of color print making entirely based on silver toning. It was developed in the early 1930s by the New Yorkers Francis H. Snyder and Henry W. Rimbach, who patented the toning methods and ...

2 Images

Chromart Tricolor

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Chromart Simplex

Subtractive 2 color: Chromogenic monopack

Chromal Paper

Subtractive 3 color: dye coupling or chromogenic process, still photography
“In 1912, two chemists at N.P.G. in Berlin, Rudolf Fischer (1881-1957) and Hans Siegrist (1885-1959), introduced the notion of color couplers and patented the application of Homolkas discovery. Their patent described the structure and chemistry ...

Chimicolor

Subtractive 3 color: Beam-splitter, double-coated film, mordant toning

2 Images

Chemicolor / Ufacolor in GB

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, mordant toning
“Chemicoior was the name under which the German Ufacolor Process was marketed in Britain. Ufacolor was also marketed under the name Spectracolor. The process used Agfa bipack negatives loaded with the emulsion sides facing and separated by a ...

9 Images in 2 Galleries

Carbro-Chromatone

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography
“References to Carbro-Chromatone prints are sometimes found in the literature on early color photography. These prints were made using a combination of the two processes they were named after. The method was described by Harlan L. Baumbach in ...

Caille

Additive three-color: line screen, still photography
Process for still photography in which light is filtered through a screen or transparent plate covered in lines or dots in the primary colors orange, green and violet. For the positive, the process relies on a support material which includes an ...

Busch Farbenfilm

Additive 2 color: Beam-splitter, red-green

5 Images in 1 Gallery

British Tricolour / Dufaychrome

Subtractive 3 color: Beam-splitter, three-strip, multiple printing

19 Images in 3 Galleries

Brewster

Subtractive 2 color: Perforated mirror as beam-splitter, duplitized film
“Following the premises of one of William Friese-Greene’s systems, this two-colour subtractive process required that two reels of film be printed in parallel through a lens fitted with a prism that split light in two directions, through red ...

Brewster

Subtractive 2 or 3 color: Perforated mirror as beam-splitter, duplitized film
“The Brewster Process. (U.S.P. 1,752,477. 1930-) Camera. – P. D. Brewster, an American inventor, who was one of the first to apply the bipack system to colour cinematography, has a number of patents to his credit covering various cameras and ...

52 Images in 1 Gallery

Bocca-Rudatis

Additive 3 color: lenticular screen
The procedure for obtaining the lenticular elements in relief required a series of steps: starting from three black and white positive color separations, obtained with any of the available methods, three matrices were printed, from which the film to ...

1 Image

Biocolour

Additive 2 color: Alternately stained images
“Inevitably, the success of Kinemacolor led to the appearance of imitations. One company, Friese Greene Patents Ltd had been formed in 1908 to exploit several patents, mostly impractical, filed by Friese Greene. From this came a new company, ...

39 Images in 3 Galleries

Biochrom

Additive 3 color: Double-sized film, rotary filter

Bi-pack

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, still photography
A. Gurtner (Eng. P. 7924/03; U.S.P. 730454), used a front element that was sensitive only to the blue, and a rear element that was sensitive up to but not including the red. He was the first person to suggest that the two films or plates be placed ...

1 Image

Berthon-Siemens / Siemens-Berthon / Siemens-Perutz-Verfahren / Opticolor

Additive 3 color: Lenticular screen

5 Images

Berthon

Additive 3 color: Lenticular screen
“R. Berthon patented the use of a lens diaphragm with three apertures, covered respectively with red, green and blue-violet filters, and a sensitive surface on a support, the other side of which was impressed with hemi-spherical, transparent, ...

4 Images

Belcolor

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography
“Introduced in the mid-1930s by George Murphy, Inc., of New York City, Belcolor was considered one of the simplest ways to obtain color transparencies, as it required no special equipment or expert technique and could be used successfully ...

Bassani

Additive 3 color: Successive exposure, 72 fps
“Camera.—An interesting camera has been made by the Société Chromofilm, Paris. An astonishing mechanism moves the entire gate, and film within it, at each exposure, with reference to the normal fixed objective. Three miniature negatives are ...

3 Images in 1 Gallery

Autotype Wet Carbon

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography
“Introduced by the Autotype Company in 1944, the Autotype Wet Carbon Process was a variant of the traditional carbon process with novelty wet-printing pigment papers. Considerable time was saved when printing with this material as the pigment ...

Autotype Trichrome Carbro

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography
“As in previous versions of the process, pigment papers were soaked in a sensitizing bath and then squeegeed firmly onto the surface of wet bromide prints to harden the pigmented gelatin in proportion to the amount of silver contained in the ...

1 Image

Autotype Dyebro

Subtractive 3 color: dye imbibition process, still photography
“Autotype Dyebro Introduced around the same time as Colorsnap and Uvatype, Autotype Dyebro combined the three-color carbro and dye imbibition processes. The method was invented by Owen Wheeler (1859–1932) and commercialized by the Autotype ...

Autochrome film / Cinécolor

Additive 3 color: Mosaic screen
Several attempts were made to apply the Autochrome process invented by the Lumière brothers to motion pictures. Transparent potato starch grains with a diameter of 15–20 micrometer were colored in the additive primaries red, green and blue. The ...

27 Images in 2 Galleries

Autochrome

Additive 3 color: Mosaic screen, still photography
“The Autochrome process was the first fully practical single-plate colour process to reach the photographic public. It was easy to use. The plate was loaded into a conventional holder, glass to the front. The exposure was made through a yellow ...

16 Images

Auto Natural Color / Bernardi

Additive 3 color: Beam-splitter, substandard

Audibert

Additive 3 color: Prism
“R. Berthon and M. Audibert patented a method of obtaining a virtual image by means of an anterior lens and prisms or mirrors. This idea was further improved upon in E.P. 17,023, 1913. In F.P. 458,040 Audibert proposed to use a negative front lens ...

2 Images

Audibert

Addtive 3 color: Beam-splitter, mosaic screen, 65 mm

3 Images

Ataraxia

Subtractive 4 color: pigment process, still photography
“In 1998 Racey Gilbert purchased Polaroid’s stock of pigment films and opened Ataraxia Studio in Bensalem, Pennsylvania, to make high-quality collectors’ carbon prints. Under the direction of Gérard Niemetzky, the studio produced ...

1 Image

ArchivalColor

Subtractive 4 color: pigment process, still photography
“In the early 1980s photographers frustrated by the poor stability of dye coupling materials started to experiment with pigment processes. Among them was Charles Berger, a California-based fine art photographer who, in 1982, developed a modern ...

2 Images

Anscochrome, type 5550

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal, daylight, 500 ASA

Anscochrome, type 5311

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal, daylight, 64 ASA

Anscochrome, type 5240

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal, Tungsten, 100 ASA

1 Image

Anscochrome, type 5230

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal, daylight, 200 ASA

Anscochrome, type 5210

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal, daylight, 100 ASA

Anscochrome

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal, 16mm

3 Images in 1 Gallery

Ansco One-Strip Color-Separation Film, type 155

Subtractive 3 color: one-strip color separation
See Ansco Colorpak / Ansco Color, type 735, Ansco Color Release Film, type 732 and Ansco Color Duplicating Film, type 132.

Ansco Colorpak / Ansco Color, type 735

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal 35 mm, 12 ASA

Ansco Color Reversal Duplicating Film, type 538

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal

Ansco Color Release Film, type 732

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack
See Ansco Color, type 735.

Ansco Color Printon; Improved Printon Anscochrome Type / GAF Printon Type 6400 / GAF Printon Type 6410 (1956–1981)

Subtractive 3 color: dye coupling or chromogenic process, still photography
“Ansco Color Printon In 1943 Ansco followed suit and launched a printing material on white-pigmented acetate base called Ansco Color Printon (Fig. 5.7). Initially, Printon was made accessible only to the military. After 1945 it became available to ...

2 Images

Ansco Color Print Film, type 848

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Ansco Color Negative, type 845

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Ansco Color Negative, type 844

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 16 ASA

Ansco Color Negative, type 843

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight, 16 ASA

Ansco Color negative / positive process

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, negative / positive

30 Images in 2 Galleries

Ansco Color Duplicating Film, type 132

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack
See Ansco Color, type 735.

Ansco Color Dupe Negative, type 846

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Americolor

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, duplitized

Allfarbenfilm

Additive 3 color: Beam-splitter, substandard

Alfacolour / Alfacolor

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, duplitized film

Agfacolor Ultra Plate

Additive 3 color: mosaic screen, combined system, still photography
“Agfacolor Ultra Plate (1936–1938): colored particles very small and not visible to the naked eye, but clumps of particles of the same color give the image a pointillist effect (Fig. 2.65). Unlike with the autochromes, in which the grains are ...

1 Image

Agfacolor Ultra Film

Additive 3 color: mosaic screen, combined system, still photography and 35mm MPF (1935–1936)
“Agfacolor Ultra Film (1934–1941): individual colored grains cannot be seen with the naked eye, but clumps of grains of the same color give the image a pointillist effect (Fig. 2.72). There is no black pigment filler. The film has a thick ...

1 Image

Agfacolor Screen Plate

Additive 3 color: Mosaic screen, still photography
“During the war, an important new screen plate appeared, based on patents taken out by J. H. Christensen in 1908. He proposed to make a concentrated solution of gum in alcohol. Divided into three parts, the gum solutions were dyed red, green ...

11 Images

Agfacolor Positiv Typ 5

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

1 Image

Agfacolor Plate

Additive 3 color: mosaic screen, combined system, still photography
“Agfacolor Plate (1932-1938): colored particles very small and not visible to the naked eye; clumps of particles of the same color give the image a pointillist effect (Fig. 2.63). Unlike with the autochromes, in which the grains are remarkably ...

1 Image

Agfacolor Neu / Agfacolor

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal (from 1936), negative/positive process (from 1939)
“The New Agfacolor Process; Agfa Ansco Corp., Binghamton, N. Y. A survey of the history of monopack or multilayer photographic color processes is given, including the coloring methods of greatest importance at the present time. These are: (a) ...

640 Images in 21 Galleries

Agfacolor Negative, type G 432

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten

Agfacolor Negative, type G 334

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten

Agfacolor Negative, type B 333

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight
For more information on the Agfacolor chromogenic process see Agfacolor Neu / Agfacolor.

11 Images

Agfacolor Negative, type 5 (CN5)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, universal

Agfacolor Negative, type 4 (CN4)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, universal

Agfacolor Negative, type 3 (CN3)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, universal

Agfacolor Negative, type 2

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight

Agfacolor Negative type G2

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten

Agfacolor Negative type G

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten

Agfacolor Negative type G was a chromogenic camera negative balanced for Tungsten illumination.

14 Images in 2 Galleries

Agfacolor Negative type B2

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight
For more information on the Agfacolor chromogenic process see Agfacolor Neu / Agfacolor.

37 Images in 2 Galleries

Agfacolor Negative type B

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight
For more information on the Agfacolor process see the detail page Agfacolor Neu / Agfacolor.

21 Images

Agfacolor Negative

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight

Agfacolor lenticular / Agfacolor Linsenrasterfilm

Additive 3 color: Lenticular screen
The basic idea of the lenticular film was developed by the German Raphaël Liesegang in 1896 and applied to still photography by the French Rodolphe Berthon in 1908. The lenticular process applies tiny cylindrical lenses embossed on the film support ...

15 Images

Agfacolor L

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack
L stands for the Leverkusen brand of Agfacolor. N for negative, K for tungsten (Kunstlicht) and T for daylight (Tageslicht).

13 Images in 2 Galleries

Agfacolor Film

Additive 3 color: mosaic screen, combined system, still photography
“Agfacolor Film (1932–1934): individual colored particles cannot be seen with the naked eye, but clumps of grains of the same color give the image a pointillist effect (Fig. 2.70). There is no black pigment filler. The film has a thick base ...

1 Image

Agfachrome CU 410

Subtractive 3 color: dye destruction process, silver dye-bleach, still photography
“Between 1970 and 1976, Agfa-Gevaert produced its own silver dye-bleach printing material on a white-pigmented acetate base called Agfachrome CU 410.28 Only available to a few photofinishers in Germany, it was used to print amateurs’ ...

1 Image

Agfachrome

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal, small gauge

2 Images

Agfa-Gevaert

Subtractive 3 color

Agfa negative XT 320

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, twin silver halides