Ansco Color Printon; Improved Printon Anscochrome Type / GAF Printon Type 6400 / GAF Printon Type 6410 (1956–1981)

1943

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Ansco, GAF

Subtractive 3 color: dye coupling or chromogenic process, still photography

“Ansco Color Printon In 1943 Ansco followed suit and launched a printing material on white-pigmented acetate base called Ansco Color Printon (Fig. 5.7). Initially, Printon was made accessible only to the military. After 1945 it became available to ...

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Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 167.
Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 166.

2 Images

Gasparcolor Opaque

1944

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Bela Gaspar; manufactured by Ansco (1944-46)

Subtractive 3 color: dye destruction process, silver dye-bleach, still photography

“In 1944 he launched a new reflection printing material on a white-pigmented acetate base called Gasparcolor Opaque, which was, initially and for the duration of the war, available only to the U.S. military. The processing of Gasparcolor Opaque ...

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Source: Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 235.
Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 228.

2 Images

Autotype Wet Carbon

1944

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Autotype Company

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography

“Introduced by the Autotype Company in 1944, the Autotype Wet Carbon Process was a variant of the traditional carbon process with novelty wet-printing pigment papers. Considerable time was saved when printing with this material as the pigment ...

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Sovcolor negative type G

1945

|

(Agfa Wolfen GDR, from 1948 GUKP, USSR)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten

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Sovcolor negative film type B

1945

|

(Agfa Wolfen GDR, from 1948 GUKP, USSR)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight

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Skleněné varhany (Stěklanna je garmonika, Andrej Chržanovskij, USSR 1968). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger

15 Images in 3 Galleries

British Tricolour / Dufaychrome

1946

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Jack Coote (Dufay-Chromex Ltd.)

Subtractive 3 color: Beam-splitter, three-strip, multiple printing

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Source: Cornwell-Clyne, Adrian (1951): Colour Cinematography. London: Chapman & Hall.
Credit: Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich. Source: Cornwell-Clyne, Adrian (1951): Colour Cinematography. London: Chapman & Hall.
Credit: Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich. Source: Cornwell-Clyne, Adrian (1951): Colour Cinematography. London: Chapman & Hall.
Credit: Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich. Source: Cornwell-Clyne, Adrian (1951): Colour Cinematography. London: Chapman & Hall.
Credit: Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich. Source: Cornwell-Clyne, Adrian (1951): Colour Cinematography. London: Chapman & Hall.
Coote, Jack (1948): New Three-Color Camera, In: Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers, vol. 50, June 1948, pp. 543-553.
Coote, Jack (1948): New Three-Color Camera, In: Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers, vol. 50, June 1948, pp. 543-553.

19 Images in 3 Galleries

Svema LN-1

1946

|

(Svema, Shostka Chemical Plant)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Ansco Colorpak / Ansco Color, type 735

1946

|

(Ansco Division of General Aniline and Film Corporation)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal 35 mm, 12 ASA

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Kodachrome Commercial Type 5268

1946

|

(Eastman Kodak)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal, 16 mm

In 1946 Kodachrome Commercial camera film Type 5268 was introduced. This stock had a lower-contrast emulsion and became leading in the professional field until it was replaced by Ektachrome Commercial type 7255 in 1958. Both Commercial Kodachrome and ...

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Konicolor

1946-1959

|

Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd

Subtractive 3 color

“The Konicolor system, introduced by Konishiroku Shashin Kogyo (Now Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc.), split the image into three colors and shot them separately onto three b&w films. In that sense it had something in common with the US ‘Technicolor system’, but this was not a contact print with color dye to create positive film, but used coated emulsion to develop each color in a triple process, which is peculiar. […].”

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Kodak Dye Transfer

1946

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Louis M. Condax, Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: dye imbibition process, still photography

“Kodak Dye Transfer materials were introduced by Eastman Kodak Company in February 1946 and replaced Eastman Wash-Off Relief. Principal improvements over the previous material included a simplified registration procedure, more rapidly ...

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Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 148.

1 Image

Ansco Color Duplicating Film, type 132

1946

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(Ansco Division of General Aniline and Film Corporation)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

See Ansco Color, type 735.

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Ansco Color Release Film, type 732

1946

|

(Ansco Division of General Aniline and Film Corporation)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

See Ansco Color, type 735.

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Sakuracolor

1946

|

(Konishiroku Photo Industry Co)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal

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Svema DS-1

1947

|

(Svema, Shostka Chemical Plant)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Americolor

1947

|

Color Film Company of America

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, duplitized

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Thomson Color

1947

|

(Société Thomson)

Additive 3 color: Lenticular screen

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Credit: Cinémathèque française, conservatoire des techniques, Paris. Film: Test for Jour de Fête.
Principle of capturing and projecting lenticular film. Credit: Joakim Reuteler and Rudolf Gschwind, Digital Humanities Lab, University of Basel, Switzerland. Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich.
Principle of capturing and projecting lenticular film. Credit: Joakim Reuteler and Rudolf Gschwind, Digital Humanities Lab, University of Basel, Switzerland. Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich.

3 Images

Polacolor

1947

|

W. H. Ryan and V. K. Walworth (Polaroid Corporation)

Subtractive 3 color: Color separation, multicolor dye images

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Trucolor 2 color

1947

|

(Consolidated Film Industries)

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, double-coated with dye couplers

“By the 1940s, most of the two-colour subtractive processes, apart from Cinecolor, were obsolete. The widespread use of the high-quality Technicolor process showed up the serious deficiencies in the simpler methods. The only significant new ...

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Rouxcolor 4 color

1948

Additive 4 color: 4 lenses

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Rouxcolor, four-color, black and white negative and positive, ca. 1948. Credit: Gert Koshofer Collection. Sample No. 83. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger
Credit: Cinémathèque française, conservatoire des techniques, Paris.

7 Images in 1 Gallery

Gevacolor Negative

1948

|

(Gevaert Photo-Produkten N. V )

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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No masking in the negative. Credit: Collection Gert Koshofer, Bergisch Gladbach (Germany).

4 Images in 1 Gallery

Ansco One-Strip Color-Separation Film, type 155

1948

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(Ansco Division of General Aniline and Film Corporation)

Subtractive 3 color: one-strip color separation

See Ansco Colorpak / Ansco Color, type 735, Ansco Color Release Film, type 732 and Ansco Color Duplicating Film, type 132.

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Gevacolor T 6 51

1948

|

(Gevaert Photo-Produkten N. V )

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Technichrome

1948

|

(Technicolor)

Subtractive 2 color: Dye transfer, 2 color bi-pack, 3 color printing

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Technichrome, three-color print of bi-pack negatives, 1948. Credit: Gert Koshofer Collection. Sample No. 89. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger

4 Images in 1 Gallery

Cinefotocolor

1948

|

Daniel Aragonés (Laboratorio Cinefoto de Barcelona)

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack

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Pinchart

1948

Additive 3 color: Four lenses, red-green-blue-grey

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Credit: Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich. Source: Cornwell-Clyne, Adrian (1951): Colour Cinematography. London: Chapman & Hall.
Source: Cornwell-Clyne, Adrian (1951): Colour Cinematography. London: Chapman & Hall.

2 Images

DuPont Color Film Type 275

1949

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(E.I. Du Pont de Nemours)

Subtractive 3 color: Color release positive stock, multilayer monopack

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Credit: Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich. Source: Ryan, Roderick T. (1977): A History of Motion Picture Color Technology. London: Focal Press.
Source: Ryan, Roderick T. (1977): A History of Motion Picture Color Technology. London: Focal Press.
Source: Sease, V. B. (1949): DuPont's New Color Film. In:American Cinematographer, 30: 240, 257-258.
Credit: Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich. Source: Sease, V. B. (1949): DuPont's New Color Film. In:American Cinematographer, 30: 240, 257-258.

8 Images in 1 Gallery

Ferrania color / Ferraniacolor / 3M color

1949

|

(Ferrania)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).
Faded Ferraniacolor positive from Eastmancolor negative, anamorphic (1:2,35). Credit: Národní filmový archiv / National Film Archive, Prague. Film: Smrt v sedle (Jindřich Polák, Czechoslovakia 1958).

217 Images in 8 Galleries

Fujicolor

1949

|

(Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack reversal (from 1949), negative/positive process (from 1955)

“The Fujicolor process is a three-color subtractive negative/positive process introduced in 1955 by the Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. When the process was introduced it consisted of two elements that could be used singly or together. ...

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Don't Look Now (GBR / ITA 1973, Nicolas Roeg). Credit: BFI National Film Archive. Photographs of the faded Fujicolor HP Positive Film Type 8813 by Joëlle Kost, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.

141 Images in 7 Galleries

DuPont Stripping Negative

1949

|

( E. I. DuPont Company)

Subtractive 3 color: Stripping film

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Credit: Illustration by Sarah Steinbacher, Multimedia & E-Learning-Services, University of Zurich. Source: Ryan, Roderick T. (1977): A History of Motion Picture Color Technology. London: Focal Press.
Source: Ryan, Roderick T. (1977): A History of Motion Picture Color Technology. London: Focal Press.

2 Images

Trucolor 3 color

1949

|

(Consolidated Film Industries)

Subtractive 3 color: Color separation on DuPont Release Positive Film

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Eastman Color Print Film 5381 (1950)

1950

|

Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Not to be confused with the Eastman Color Print Film 5381 / 7381 from 1970.

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Chromart Simplex

1950

|

Hans von Fraunhofer (Anglo-American Colour Photographic Industries)

Subtractive 2 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Opticolor

1950

|

(Société Civile de Recherches Scientifiques)

Additive 3 color: Lenticular screen

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Eastman Color

1950

|

(Eastman Kodak)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

“The Eastman Colour Films are multilayer films of the type in which the layers are not separated after exposure. Films of this class are known as Multilayer, Monopack or Integral Tripack. “Multilayer” is descriptive not only of this ...

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Alien (USA 1979, Ridley Scott). Credit: Library of Congress. Photographs of the Eastman Color Print Film from 1979 by Joëlle Kost, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.
Photomicrograph of modern chromogenic stock, . Credit: Silvana Konermann.
Eastman Color chromogenic monopack. Source: Craig, G.J. (1953): Eastman Colour Films for Professional Motion Picture Work. In: British Kinematography, 22,5, 1953, pp. 146-158.
Color fading of Eastmancolor stock. Credit: Collection Gert Koshofer, Bergisch Gladbach (Germany). Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin: Springer.
Color reconstruction by Rudolf Gschwind, University of Basel. Credit: Collection Gert Koshofer, Bergisch Gladbach (Germany).
Color fading of Eastmancolor stock.
Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin/Göttingen /Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Photograph by Martin Weiss, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.
Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin/Göttingen /Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Photograph by Martin Weiss, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.

707 Images in 23 Galleries

Alfacolour / Alfacolor

1950

|

(Alfa Photographic Laboratories)

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, duplitized film

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Eastman Color Negative, type 5247

1950

|

(Eastman Kodak)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight, 16 ASA

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Chromart Tricolor

1950

|

Hans von Fraunhofer (Anglo-American Colour Photographic Industries)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Colorvision

1950

|

(Colorvision, Inc)

Additive 3 color: Beam-splitter

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Ansco Color negative / positive process

1950

|

(Ansco Division of General Aniline and Film Corporation)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, negative / positive

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Ansco Color, positives of Ansco Color negative, ca. 1952. Credit: Gert Koshofer Collection. Sample No. 10. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger.
Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin/Göttingen /Heidelberg: Springer.
Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin/Göttingen /Heidelberg: Springer.
Source: Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers; ed. (1957): The Elements of Color in Professional Motion Pictures. Prepared by a special committee of the Society. Wilton R. Holm, chairman. New York: The Society.
Credit: Cinémathèque française, conservatoire des techniques, Paris.
Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin/Göttingen /Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Photograph by Martin Weiss, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.
Source: Schultze, Werner (1953): Farbenphotographie und Farbenfilm. Wissenschaftliche Grundlagen und technische Gestaltung. Berlin/Göttingen /Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Photograph by Martin Weiss, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.

30 Images in 2 Galleries

Eastman Color Print Film 5281 / 7281

1950

|

Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Eastman Multilayer Stripping Film / Kodak Stripping Film

1950

|

(Eastman Kodak)

Subtractive 3 color: Stripping film

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Eastman Lenticular Print Film Type 5306

1951

|

(Eastman Kodak)

Additive 3 color: Lenticular screen

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Agfacolor L

1951

|

(Farbenfabriken Bayer AG, dept. Agfa Photoverkauf, Leverkusen)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

L stands for the Leverkusen brand of Agfacolor. N for negative, K for tungsten (Kunstlicht) and T for daylight (Tageslicht).

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Credit: By courtesy of Deutsche Kinemathek, Berlin. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger. Film: Commercial Denkt rechtzeitig daran (GER 1952).
Credit: By courtesy of Deutsche Kinemathek, Berlin. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger. Film: 1/50 Sekunde, commercial for Niggemeyer Foto/Kino (1952).

13 Images in 2 Galleries

Supercinecolor / Natural Color

1951

|

(Cinecolor Corporation)

Subtractive 3 color: Color separation, duplitized film, third layer added

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Agfacolor Negative

1951

|

(Farbenfabriken Bayer AG, dept. Agfa Photoverkauf, Leverkusen)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight

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Eastman Panchromatic Separation Film 5216

1951

|

Eastman Kodak Company

Black and white panchromatic film: Three-color separation positives from color negatives

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Eastman Color Internegative Film 5243

1952

|

Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Dugromacolor

1952

|

Roger Dumas, Georges Grosset and André Marx

Additive 3 color: Beam-splitter, substandard

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Source: Cornwell-Clyne, Adrian (1951): Colour Cinematography. London: Chapman & Hall.

1 Image

Eastman Color Print Film 7282

1952

|

(Eastman Kodak)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, 16 mm

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