UltraStable Color Systems

1992

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Charles Berger, Richard Newmark Kauffman

Subtractive 4 color: pigment process, still photography

“Berger then started to work with the master carbro printer Richard Newmark Kauffman (1916−1998), and together they founded Ultrastable Color Systems, Inc. In 1992 they introduced presensitized UltraStable material for four-color carbon ...

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Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 95.

1 Image

Proposal of a variety of processes of three-color photography

1869

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Charles Cros

Theory

Description of a variety of color processes, even for images in motion by the use of a rotary shutter.

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Hydrotypie / Hydrotype

1880

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Charles Cros

Subtractive 3 color: dye transfer, still photography

“In the imbibition process, a dye image is transferred from a gelatin relief image to a receiving layer made either of paper or film. Charles Cros described this method of ‘hydrotypie’ transfer printing in 1880 and suggested it ...

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Mondiacolor

1955

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Chevalier

Additive 3 color: Mosaic screen

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Cibachrome 1963, after 1991 renamed Ilfochrome

1963

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Ciba

Subtractive 3 color: dye destruction process, silver dye-bleach, still photography

“The materials and processes described thus far have been either unsuccessful or short-lived for one reason or another; the trend changed with the launch of Cibachrome in the 1960s. The product and its subsequent forms dominated the silver ...

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Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 216.

1 Image

Finlay

1929

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Clare L. Finlay

Additive 3 color: regular mosaic screen, still photography

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Source: Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 70.
Source: Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 70.
Photomicrograph (20x) of a Finlay screen. Credit: Courtesy of George Eastman House, International Museum of Photography and Film.
Finlay box. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger.
Source: Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 39.
Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 39.
Source: Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 40.

9 Images in 1 Gallery

Finlay Positive Color Screen / Finlaychrome

ca. 1933

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Clare L. Finlay

Additive 3 color: regular mosaic screen, combined system, still photography

“The launching of a combined version of the product called Finlaychrome was announced in 1931 but was still unavailable three years later; it is unclear if it was ever marketed.28 Instead, it seems that the company produced a viewing screen ...

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Source: Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 235.
Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 39.
Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 40.

3 Images

Thames Colour Screen

1908

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Clare Livingston Finlay (Thames Colour Plate Company of London)

Additive 3 color: regular mosaic screen (circles), separate system, still photography

“Thames Colour products originated from a 1906 patent by Clare Livingston Finlay (d. 1936) and were introduced commercially in England by the Thames Colour Plate Company of London in 1908 (Fig. 2.10).15 Color screens were obtained by repeatedly ...

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Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 30.
Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 63.
Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 69.

3 Images

Thames Colour Plate

1909

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Clare Livingston Finlay (Thames Colour Plate Company of London)

Additive 3 color: regular mosaic screen (circles), combined system, still photography

“Thames Colour products originated from a 1906 patent by Clare Livingston Finlay (d. 1936) and were introduced commercially in England by the Thames Colour Plate Company of London in 1908 (Fig. 2.10).15 Color screens were obtained by repeatedly ...

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Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 30.

1 Image

Cinechrome

1914

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Colin Benett (Cinechrome Ltd.)

Additive 2 color: Prism, rotary filter, double-sized film

“[…] pictures were taken side by side, full-size, on double-width film, the film not only being perforated on the edges but also down the centre between the pairs of images.” (Klein, Adrian Bernhard = Cornwell-Clyne (1940): Colour ...

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Credit: Courtesy of BFI National Archive. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger. Film: Cinechrome Colour Test with Soap Boxes and Packets (1920)
Credit: Courtesy of BFI National Archive. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger. Film: Cinechrome Colour Test with Soap Boxes and Packets (1920)
Credit: Courtesy of BFI National Archive. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger. Film: Cinechrome Colour Test with Soap Boxes and Packets (1920)

3 Images

Americolor

1947

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Color Film Company of America

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, duplitized

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Colorsnap, Colorol

1929

|

Colour Snapshots Ltd.

Subtractive 3 color: dye imbibition process, still photography

“In 1929 the London firm Colour Snapshots Limited introduced Colorsnap, a printing service based on the dye imbibition process for a tripack roll film called Colorsnap and manufactured by Ilford Ltd. (Monopolies Commission 1966).11 The tripack ...

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Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 137.

1 Image

Cinecolor additive 2 color / Cinecolour

1925

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D. Daponte, S.J. Cox, Adam Hilger Ltd. and J.H. Dowell (Cinecolor)

Additive 2 color: Beam-splitter, substandard

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Source: Klein, Adrian Bernhard (Cornwell-Clyne) (1940): Colour Cinematography. Boston: American Photographic Pub. Co.
Source: Klein, Adrian Bernhard (Cornwell-Clyne) (1940): Colour Cinematography. Boston: American Photographic Pub. Co.

2 Images

Cinefotocolor

1948

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Daniel Aragonés (Laboratorio Cinefoto de Barcelona)

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack

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Defender Pan-Chroma-Relief

1942

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Defender Photo Supply Company

Subtractive 3 color: dye imbibition process, still photography

“In 1942 Defender Photo Supply Company of Rochester, New York, introduced a panchromatic matrix film called Pan-Chroma-Relief Film, which simplified the making of dye imbibition prints from original Kodachrome or Ansco Color transparencies.20 ...

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Vivex

1928

|

Dr. Douglas Arthur Spencer (Color Photographs Limited of London)

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography

“Vivex prints were introduced by Color Photographs Limited of London in 1928. One of the most important features of this printing method, invented by Douglas Arthur Spencer (1902–1980), was the introduction in 1929 of cellophane, instead of ...

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Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 105.

1 Image

Omnicolore

1909

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Ducos du Hauron, Raymond de Bercegol

Additive 3 color: regular mosaic screen, still photography

“To produce the Omnicolore color screen, a sheet of glass was coated with a layer of gelatin on which lines of greasy blue-violet ink were ruled. The space between the lines was dyed yellow. Lines of greasy light blue ink were then ruled at ...

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Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 29.
Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 70.

2 Images

Dufaytissue

1941

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Dufay-Chromex Limited of London

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography

“Dufaytissue materials, marketed by Dufay-Chromex Limited of London between 1941 and 1948, resembled Belcolor and were used to produce color prints by contact. After they had been sensitized and dried, the pigment films were exposed by contact ...

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Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 89.

1 Image

Eastman Ektachrome 7251

1981

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Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, high speed, color reversal, 16mm, daylight

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Eastman Color Print Film 5384 / 7384

1981

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Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Eastman Color High Speed Negative Film 7292

1985

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Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Eastman Color Print Film 5381 (1950)

1950

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Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Not to be confused with the Eastman Color Print Film 5381 / 7381 from 1970.

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Eastman Color Internegative Film 5243

1952

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Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Eastman Color Internegative Film 5245

1953

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Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Eastman Color Print Film 5382 / 7382

1953

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Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Eastman Television Recording Film 5374 / 7374

1955

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Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

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Eastman Reversal Color Print Film Type 5269 / 7387

1956

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Eastman Kodak Company

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal

Eastman Kodak reversal film duplication stock for (semi)professional use. Replaced Type 5265. Type 7387 introduced in 1964 as improved version. Difficult to see the difference (BL).