Pinatype / Pinatypie

Subtractive 3 color: Dye transfer, still photography
“In the imbibition process, a dye image is transferred from a gelatin relief image to a receiving layer made either of paper or film. Charles Cros described this method of “hydrotypie” transfer printing in 1880 and suggested it ...

4 Images

Photocolor

Subtractive 2 color: Beam-splitter, double-coated

42 Images

Pathécolor / Pathéchrome / stencil coloring

Applied colors: Stencil, dyed gelatin
Stencil coloring required the manual cutting, frame by frame, of the area which was to be tinted onto another identical print, one for each color. Usually the number of colors applied ranged from 3 to 6. The process was highly improved by the ...

2265 Images in 73 Galleries

Pantachrom

Subtractive 3 color: Bi-pack and lenticular film recording, duplitized film with toning and silver dye-bleach
“In October, Eggert of the Agfa Research Department, read a paper at the Berlin meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für photographische Forschung, on the Pantochrom subtractive lenticular bipack tricolor process. (Fig. 1) The green and blue ...

19 Images in 3 Galleries

Panchromotion

Additive 4 color: Rotary filter
”Kelley’s first color process was a four-color additive system introduced in 1913. Called Panchromotion, Kelley formed a company which would exploit the process commercially and, he hoped, provide strong competition for Kinemacolor. He apparently ...

2 Images

Panacolor

Subtractive 3 color: Color separation, multilayer print

11 Images in 1 Gallery

Paget Color Screen

Additive 3 color: regular mosaic screen, separate system, still photography
“Paget Color Screen (1913–ca. 1922): lines of red and blue squares alternated with lines of green and blue squares (Fig. 2.52). The lines are at a 45-degree angle from the edge of the plate. The side of the red and green squares measures ...

1 Image

Ozotype

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography

Ozobrome 1905–ca. 1910, after 1913 renamed Raydex

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography
“In 1905 Thomas Manly (d. 1932) of London introduced the Ozobrome process,21 which was a modification of his earlier Ozotype, patented in 1898.22 The process was based on a carbon printing method proposed in 1873 by Auguste Marion (1835–1917) ...

1 Image

Orwocolor NC 3

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Orwocolor NC 1

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Orwocolor

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

1026 Images in 27 Galleries

Orwochrom

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal, 16 mm

84 Images in 3 Galleries

Orthochromatic stock

b/w photography: Orthochromatic b/w stock
“In 1873 Dr Vogel discovered that by adding dyes to the sensitive material, its sensitivity could be extended, so that it would record green as well as blue. The new ‘orthochromatic’ plates were available commercially from 1882. The ...

2 Images

Opticolor

Additive 3 color: Lenticular screen

Omnicolore

Additive 3 color: regular mosaic screen, still photography
“To produce the Omnicolore color screen, a sheet of glass was coated with a layer of gelatin on which lines of greasy blue-violet ink were ruled. The space between the lines was dyed yellow. Lines of greasy light blue ink were then ruled at ...

2 Images

New Agfa Color Plate

Additive 3 color: mosaic screen, combined system, still photography
“New Agfa Color Plate (1923–1932): colored particles very small and not visible to the naked eye, but clumps of particles of the same color give the image a pointillist effect (Fig. 2.62). Unlike with the autochromes, in which the grains ...

1 Image

N.P.G.

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography
“In 1902 Robert Krayn of Berlin described and patented his Naturfarben-Photographie System, a carbon printing system that was commercially introduced around 1905 by the German manufacturer of photographic paper Neue Photographische ...

1 Image

Multicolor

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, duplitized
“In the Multicolor (two-color) subtractive process, two negative films are run simultaneously through any standard camera with their emulsion surfaces in contact. The front negative is orthochromatic, with the surface layer dyed orange-red to ...

72 Images in 6 Galleries

Mroz Farbenfilm

Additive 2 color: Alternately stained images, 9.5 and possibly 16 mm

1 Image

Moviechrome

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal, 16 mm

Morgana Process

Additive 2 color: Alternating filters, 16 mm

1 Image

Mordant toning / dye toning

Applied colors: Silver replacement by mordanting
Mordant toning or dye toning is a special case of toning whereby the silver image is replaced by colored compounds. Soluble dyes attach to a colorless (silver ferrocyanide) or nearly colorless (silver iodide) silver salt obtained by bleaching. Dye ...

171 Images in 7 Galleries

Monopack stripping

Subtractive 3 color: monopack, stripping, still photography
“To offset the possible effects of poor contact between the various members of the tripack, J. H. Smith coated the emulsions directly one on top of the other, but with an insulating layer of collodion between them. In this manner there was ...

1 Image

Mondiacolor

Additive 3 color: Mosaic screen

Minicolor

Subtractive 3 color: dye coupling or chromogenic process, still photography
“In 1941 Kodak introduced a printing service for wallet-size Minicolor prints on a white opaque support of pigmented acetate made from 35mm transparencies (Fig. 5.6). A similar product called Kotavachrome was designed for larger prints made ...

1 Image

McDonough Color Screen

Additive 3 color: line screen, separate system, still photography
“McDonough Color Screen (1897–1900): sequence of red, yellow-green, and blue continuous lines (Fig. 2.49). Lines are thinner (approximate width 0.08 mm) and sharper than those of the Joly screen but are still visible with the naked eye or a ...

2 Images

Magnacolor

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, double-coated
“An American two-colour subtractive process still worked by the Consolidated Film Industries division of Republic Pictures Corporation. This concern was licensed by the owners of the “Prizma” patents, which it will be remembered was ...

23 Images in 2 Galleries

Magnachrome

Additive 2 color: Bi-pack, half-size

Lumière Lumicolor

Additive 3 color: mosaic screen, combined system, still photography
“Lumière Lumicolor (1933–1953): rolls and pack films on celluloid base. Individual colored grains cannot be seen with the naked eye, but clumps of grains of the same color give the image a pointillist effect (Fig. 2.71). Starch grains ...

1 Image

Lumière Filmcolor

Additive 3 color: mosaic screen, combined system, still photography
“Lumière Filmcolor (1931–1953): sheet films (only) on celluloid base (Fig. 2.69). Individual colored grains cannot be seen with the naked eye, but clumps of grains of the same color give the image a pointillist effect. Filmcolor starch ...

1 Image

Lumière Alticolor

Additive 3 color: mosaic screen, combined system, still photography
“Lumière Alticolor (1952–1955): rolls and pack films on celluloid base. Alticolor starch grains are smaller but of less regular shape than those used in Filmcolor (Fig. 2.74). There are no black pigment particles; therefore, Alticolor ...

1 Image

Lippmann

Direct color photography: interference, still photography
“In 1891, Professor Gabriel Lippmann demonstrated to the French Académie des Sciences interference colour photographs of the spectrum and of stained glass windows, taken by a modification of Wiener’s method. An exceedingly fine grained, ...

5 Images

Lignose Naturfarbenfilm

Additive 3 color: mosaic screen, still photography and film

2 Images

Lenticular Screen

Additive 3 color: lenticular screen, still photography and film
“Every element of a cross-lined screen acts as a pinhole camera, and reproduces an image of the aperture of the objective in whose rear focal plane it is placed. Thus, when using a square stop, the dots in the halftone produced will be square ...

4 Images

Lee and Turner

Additive 3 color: Rotary filter
“Frederick Marshall Lee, of Walton, and Edward Raymond Turner, of Hounslow, to whom is usually accorded the credit of achieving the first practical results in additive projection. Their experimental work was financed by Charles Urban, a ...

16 Images in 1 Gallery

Lascelles Davidson

Additive 3 color: Rotary filter
“Apparently, associated with W. Friese-Greene, in the same year, Captain William Norman Lascelles-Davidson, also of Brighton, patented a triple lens motion picture camera (E.P. 23,863, 1898). The colour filters revolved either behind the lenses, ...

1 Image

Kwik-Print

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography
“In 1977 Light Impressions Corporation of Rochester, New York, introduced Kwik-Print, a contact speed color printing material. This was a modification of the Kwik-Proof graphic arts proofing system made by Direct Reproductions Corporation of ...

1 Image

Krayn

Additive 3 color: line screen and mosaic, still photography
“Another method of producing a line screen was patented in 1904 by the German Robert Krayn, and was demonstrated by him in November 1907. Krayn stained very thin celluloid sheets red, green and blue, and cemented them interleaved to form a ...

7 Images

Konicolor

Subtractive 3 color

“The Konicolor system, introduced by Konishiroku Shashin Kogyo (Now Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc.), split the image into three colors and shot them separately onto three b&w films. In that sense it had something in common with the US ‘Technicolor system’, but this was not a contact print with color dye to create positive film, but used coated emulsion to develop each color in a triple process, which is peculiar. […].”

Kodak Vision3 Color Digital Intermediate Film 5254 / 2254

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Kodak Vision3 50D Color Negative Film 5203 / 7203

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight, 50 ASA

Kodak Vision3 500T Color Negative Film 5219 / 7219

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 500 ASA

Kodak Vision3 250D Color Negative Film 5207 / 7207

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight, 250 ASA

Kodak Vision2 50D Color Negative Film 5201 / 7201

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight, 50 ASA

Kodak Vision2 500T Color Negative Film 5260

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 500 ASA

Kodak Vision2 500T Color Negative Film 5218 / 7218

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, 35 mm, 16 mm, 8 mm, Tungsten, 500 ASA

Kodak Vision2 250D Color Negative Film 5205 / 7205

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight, 250 ASA

Kodak Vision2 200T Color Negative Film 5217 / 7217

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, 35 mm, 16 mm, 8 mm, Tungsten, 200 ASA