Hérault Trichrome

1926

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A. H. A. Hérault (Société Française des Films Hérault)

Additive 3 color: Alternately stained in red, green and blue

“The Hérault Trichrome process was demonstrated in Paris on 1 October 1926, with three films made by A. Rodde — a fashion show, a documentary on Brittany and a tableau of the Legend of the King of Ys. Hérault Trichrome was an extension of ...

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Credit: EYE Film Institute Amsterdam. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger.

12 Images in 1 Gallery

Heliochromy direct positive

1855

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Claude Félix Abel Niépce de Saint-Victor

Direct color photography: still photography

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Pénichon, Sylvie (2013): Twentieth Century Colour Photographs. The Complete Guide to Processes, Identification & Preservation. London, Los Angeles: Thames & Hudson, p. 10.

1 Image

Heliochromy color separation

1869

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Louis Ducos de Hauron

Subtractive 3 color: assembly process, pigment process, still photography

“Carbon printing was originally a monochrome process. It was invented and patented by Alphonse Poitevin (1819–82) in 1855 and was the first practical printing method with pigments. After Poitevin, the carbon process was patented extensively ...

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Harriscolor

1929

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J.B. Harris, Jr.

Subtractive 2 color: Beam-splitter, single-coated

“Harriscolor In this method as in other methods of color photography, independent color value negatives are first obtained. The Harriscolor process can employ one of the following two methods: Either a camera wherein the dividing light prisms ...

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Credit: Technicolor Collection. George Eastman House Moving Image Department. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger.
Credit: Technicolor Collection. George Eastman House Moving Image Department. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger.
Credit: Technicolor Collection. George Eastman House Moving Image Department. Photograph by Barbara Flueckiger.

3 Images

Harmonicolor

1935

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Maurice Combes

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack, double-coated

“Harmonicoior was developed by French chemist Maurice Combes. It was first formally demonstrated in London by Harmonicoior Films Ltd, of 4 Great Winchester Street, on the 23 March 1936 at the Curzon Soho with the film Talking Hands, produced at ...

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Handschiegl / DeMille-Wyckoff / Wyckoff Process

1916

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Max Handschiegl and Alvin Wyckoff

Applied color: Imbibition

Similar to stenciling, the Handschiegl process was applied mechanically to manually defined image parts. Therefore it is an applied color process. After the film was shot and edited, for each color applied a separate print was made. In contrast to ...

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Black-and-white with Handschiegl in Lights of Old Broadway (USA 1925, Monta Bell). Credit: Library of Congress. Photograph of the nitrate print by Barbara Flueckiger.
Credit: Geo. Willeman, Nitrate Film Vault Manager, Library of Congress. Film: Trail of '98 (USA 1929, Clarence Brown).
Credit: Geo. Willeman, Nitrate Film Vault Manager, Library of Congress. Film: Trail of '98 (USA 1929, Clarence Brown).
Credit: Paolo Cherchi Usai. Source: Cherchi Usai, Paolo (2000): Silent Cinema. London: BFI. Film: Greed (USA 1925, Erich von Stroheim).
Credit: Geo. Willeman, Nitrate Film Vault Manager, Library of Congress. Film: Forbidden Fruit (USA 1921, Cecil B. DeMille).
Credit: Geo. Willeman, Nitrate Film Vault Manager, Library of Congress. Film: Forbidden Fruit (USA 1921, Cecil B. DeMille).
Source: Ryan, Roderick T. (1977): A History of Motion Picture Color Technology. London: Focal Press, p. 24.
Credit: Geo. Willeman, Nitrate Film Vault Manager, Library of Congress. Film: Trail of '98 (USA 1929, Clarence Brown).

142 Images in 8 Galleries

Hand coloring

1895

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(technique inherited from lantern slides)

Applied colors: Manual application

Coloring of individual frames by the use of very fine brushes. The process was previously applied to lantern slides. Any water based translucent dye was suited for the process, most often the coloring was done with acid dyes.

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Loïe Fuller (FRA 1905, Anonymous). Credit: BFI National Archive. Photographs of the hand colored nitrate print by Olivia Kristina Stutz, ERC Advanced Grant FilmColors.
Métamorphoses du papillon (FRA 1904, Gaston Velle). Credit: Library of Congress. Photograph of the nitrate prints by Barbara Flueckiger.
Credit: Turconi Collection by courtesy of George Eastman Museum, Moving Image Collection. Film: Zara.
Credit: Paolo Cherchi Usai. Source: Cherchi Usai, Paolo (2000): Silent Cinema. London: BFI.
Source: Coe, Brian (1981): The History of Movie Photography. Westfield, N.J.: Eastview Editions.

439 Images in 20 Galleries

Gualtierotti or Cicona e Gualtierotti

1930

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Gualtiero Gualtierotti, Società Cicona

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Italy

Additive two-color: optical system, filters, 64mm negative.

Unlike other additive systems invented in previous years, Gualtierotti tried to avoid the phenomenon of chromatic aberration inherent in the use of multiple lenses or the creation of successive separation records. The proposed solution was based on ...

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Rotating filters permitting to adjust tonality and intensity of the colors. Source: Pierotti, Federico (2016): Un'archeologia del colore nel cinema italiano. Dal Technicolor ad Antonioni. Pisa: Edizioni ETS, p. 62

1 Image

Gorsky Process

1921

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Prof. Gorsky and R. G. Booth (Manager of Messrs. Gaumont's Scottish branch)

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France / Scotland

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Gilmore Color

1918

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Frederic Eugene Ives and Otto C. Gilmore

Additive 2 color: Rotary filter

“Gilmore’s two-color additive process was based on a patent granted to F. E. Ives in 1918. A unique optical system exposed two images in pairs, and quarter-turned them lengthwise side by side on standard 35 mm film stock. One of the images was ...

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Source: U.S.P. 1,262,954 (Ives, Frederic Eugene; filed Feb. 18, 1914; granted Apr. 16, 1918)

1 Image

Gevaert Positif Color

1925

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(Gevaert Photo-Produkten N. V )

Applied colors: Pretinted film

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