Isensee

Additive 3 color: Rotary filter
“The first patent that has been found was granted to H. Isensee and he placed in front of the lens, both in taking and projection, a rotary shutter with three 120 degrees sectors in the usual colors.” (Wall, E.J. (1925): The History of ...

2 Images

Technicolor No. I

Additive 2 color: Beam-splitter

During the capturing of the film a beam-splitter in combination with filters in the camera divided the incoming light into a red and a green separation negative on black-and-white stock. When projected in the cinema the two images were combined simultaneously by additive mixture through corresponding red and green filters into one picture consisting of red and green colored light. The reduction of the whole color range to two colors (and their additive combinations) was necessary because of the complex optical arrangement.

6 Images in 1 Gallery

Urban-Joy Process, improvement of Kinemacolor, later called Kinekrom

Additive 2 color: Rotary filter
“In the design of apparatus Urban was assisted after 1905 by Henry W. Joy. The Urban-Joy perforator appeared in 1906. The Urban-Joy anti-firing device, a shutter to prevent the firing of inflammable film when projectors broke down, was another ...

Rotocolor

Additive 2 color: Rotary filter
“The Rotocolor process was an additive system for color cinematography. The process was announced in 1931 by H. Muller. According to an article in Film Daily, April 12, 1931, and The Motion Picture Herald, April 11, 1931, the process consisted of ...

Carbro-Chromatone

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography
“References to Carbro-Chromatone prints are sometimes found in the literature on early color photography. These prints were made using a combination of the two processes they were named after. The method was described by Harlan L. Baumbach in ...

Chromart Simplex

Subtractive 2 color: Chromogenic monopack

Chromart Tricolor

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Autotype Trichrome Carbro

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography
“As in previous versions of the process, pigment papers were soaked in a sensitizing bath and then squeegeed firmly onto the surface of wet bromide prints to harden the pigmented gelatin in proportion to the amount of silver contained in the ...

1 Image

Gualtierotti or Cicona e Gualtierotti

Additive two-color: optical system, filters, 64mm negative.
Unlike other additive systems invented in previous years, Gualtierotti tried to avoid the phenomenon of chromatic aberration inherent in the use of multiple lenses or the creation of successive separation records. The proposed solution was based on ...

1 Image

Agfacolor lenticular / Agfacolor Linsenrasterfilm

Additive 3 color: Lenticular screen
The basic idea of the lenticular film was developed by the German Raphaël Liesegang in 1896 and applied to still photography by the French Rodolphe Berthon in 1908. The lenticular process applies tiny cylindrical lenses embossed on the film support ...

15 Images

Belcolor

Subtractive 3 color: pigment process, still photography
“Introduced in the mid-1930s by George Murphy, Inc., of New York City, Belcolor was considered one of the simplest ways to obtain color transparencies, as it required no special equipment or expert technique and could be used successfully ...

Hirlicolor

Subtractive 2 color: Bi-pack

2 Images

Kinemacolor

Additive 2 color: Rotary filter

Kinemacolor was an additive process operated with alternating red and green filters that were applied to the shutter in front of the camera and in front of the projector. With at least 32 fps the frame rate was double the minimal frame rate of 16 fps. Time parallax with small differences between the red and green record resulted in color fringes that became visible when objects or scenes were moving.

13 Images in 3 Galleries

Predecessor of Kinemacolor

Additive 2 color: Rotary filter
“Then we come upon the name of George Albert Smith, F.R.A.S., of Laboratory Lodge, Roman Crescent, Southwick, Brighton, who in E.P. 26,671, of 1906, patented the method which eventually was commercialized as Kinemacolor. In this patent he ...

3M Posi-Tone

Subtractive 3 color: dye destruction process, silver dye-bleach, still photography
“In 1956, after the failure of the French venture, Gaspar resumed his own production of printing materials and chemicals (Koshofer 1981a). In the late 1950s he entered into an agreement with 3M Company of St. Paul, Minnesota, to explore the ...

Lippmann

Direct color photography: Interference, still photography
“In 1891, Professor Gabriel Lippmann demonstrated to the French Académie des Sciences interference colour photographs of the spectrum and of stained glass windows, taken by a modification of Wiener’s method. An exceedingly fine grained, ...

5 Images

Crosene Process

Additive 4 color: Bi-pack, substandard

Jos-Pé

Subtractive 3 color: dye imbibition process, still photography
“Invented by G. Koppmann and introduced in Hamburg in 1924 by the German financier Josef-Peter Welker, from whom the product took its name (Wall and Jordan 1940: 330), Jos-Pé was a complete color system that included a one-exposure camera, ...

1 Image

Lee and Turner

Additive 3 color: Rotary filter
“Frederick Marshall Lee, of Walton, and Edward Raymond Turner, of Hounslow, to whom is usually accorded the credit of achieving the first practical results in additive projection. Their experimental work was financed by Charles Urban, a ...

16 Images in 1 Gallery

Gilmore Color

Additive 2 color: Rotary filter
“Gilmore’s two-color additive process was based on a patent granted to F. E. Ives in 1918. A unique optical system exposed two images in pairs, and quarter-turned them lengthwise side by side on standard 35 mm film stock. One of the images was ...

1 Image

Hicrography / Hicrome

Subtractive 3 color: dye imbibition process, still photography
“In 1915 the company launched a hybrid dye imbibition color printing system called Hicrography.9 From the separation negatives, positive impressions were made through the base on the presensitized dichromated film (Hicro Film), which also ...

1 Image

Iriscolor

Subtractive 3 color: Beam-splitter camera, imbibition printing
Similar to Technicolor, the Iriscolor process needed a special beam-splitter camera for exposing three black-and-white negatives on Kodak film stock. These negatives were used for imbibition printing. Between 1940 and 1942, Tobis Tonbild-Syndikat AG ...

Donisthorpe

Additive two color process: rotating filters and toning
The film is recorded through alternating red and green filters, creating two color separations. After development, the print is placed in two alternating dye-baths, toning the blacks green and the whites red. Additionally, a black-and-white copy is ...

Chromatone

Subtractive 3 color: silver toning, still photography
“Chromatone was the first commercially viable process of color print making entirely based on silver toning. It was developed in the early 1930s by the New Yorkers Francis H. Snyder and Henry W. Rimbach, who patented the toning methods and ...

2 Images

Procédé Colombier

Subtractive 3 color: Tri-pack
“M. F. de Colombier appears to have been the first to suggest the application of this system to cinematography, and like so many French patents it is a little indefinite in phraseology. Three films were employed representing the same view and ...

1 Image

Roncarolo

Subtractive 2, 3 or 4 color: Beam-splitter and bi-pack, later dye-transfer
The Roncarolo system required a camera capable of recording two panchromatic negatives (which became three or four in subsequent patents) through the use of a beam splitter and red and green filters. The chromatic information registered on the two or ...

Wolff-Heide

additive three-color: Integrated filters and rotary filter
Much like many other additive processes, the Wolff-Heide system was based on three black and white color separations printed consecutively on one film strip and projected through a rotary filter attached to the projector. However, the biggest ...

Busch Farbenfilm

Additive 2 color: Beam-splitter, red-green

5 Images in 1 Gallery

Polacolor Instant Photography

instant still photography
“Polacolor was commercialized in 1963 and became an immediate success. It was acclaimed as the “most outstanding single advance in photographic science made during this century” (Crawley 1963). Indeed, Polacolor introduced important new ...

4 Images

Caille

Additive three-color: line screen, still photography
Process for still photography in which light is filtered through a screen or transparent plate covered in lines or dots in the primary colors orange, green and violet. For the positive, the process relies on a support material which includes an ...

Eastman Ektachrome 7251

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, high speed, color reversal, 16mm, daylight

Eastman Color Print Film 5384 / 7384

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color High Speed Negative Film 7292

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color Print Film 5381 (1950)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack
Not to be confused with the Eastman Color Print Film 5381 / 7381 from 1970.

Eastman Color Internegative Film 5243

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color Internegative Film 5245

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color Print Film 5382 / 7382

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Television Recording Film 5374 / 7374

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Reversal Color Print Film Type 5269 / 7387

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal
Eastman Kodak reversal film duplication stock for (semi)professional use. Replaced Type 5265. Type 7387 introduced in 1964 as improved version. Difficult to see the difference (BL).

Eastman Color Internegative Film 5270 / 7270

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color Intermedeate Film 5253

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color Print Film 7383

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color Print Film 5385 / 7385

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman RP Negative Film 7229

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Reversal Print Film 7387

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal, 16 mm

Eastman Color Print Film 5744

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color Print Film 7380

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, 16mm

Eastman Direct MP Film 5360 / 7360

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color Reversal Intermedeate Film 5249 / 7249

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, reversal

Eastman Color SP Print Film 5383 / 7383

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color SP Low Contrast (minus 25%) Print Film 5738 / 7738

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color LF Print Film 7378

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, 16mm

Eastman Color LFSP Film 7379

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, 16mm

Eastman Color II Negative, type 5247 / 7247 F

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color II Internegative Film 5272 / 7272 S

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color Negative Film 7291

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 100 ASA

Eastman Color LC Print Film 5380 / 7380

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Fine Grain Release Positive Film 5302 / 7302

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman EXR 100T Color Negative Film 7248

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, 16mm

Eastman EXR 50D Color Negative Film 5245 / 7245

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman EXR 500T Color Negative Film 5296

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman EXR 100T Color Negative Film 5248

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 100 ASA

Eastman EXR 500T Color Negative Film 7296

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, 16mm

Eastman EXR Color Intermediate Film 5244 / 7244

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman EXR 200T Color Negative Film 5293 / 7293

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Experimental Eastman Separation Film (5238)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman EXR Color Print Film 5386 / 7386

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color LC Print Film 5385 / 7385

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman EXR 500T 5298 / 7298 (T)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman EXR 200T 5287 / 7287 Ultra Latitude (W)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 200 ASA

Eastman EXR Primetime 640T Teleproduction Film 5600 (P)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 650 ASA

Kodak Vision 320T Color Negative Film 5277 / 7277 (Q)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 320 ASA

Kodak Vision 500T Color Negative Film 5279 / 7279 (U)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 500 ASA

Eastman Color Intermediate Film 5253 / 7253

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color Internegative Film 5271 / 7271

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Color Print Film 5381 / 7381 (1970)

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack
Not to be confused with the Eastman Color Print Film 5381 from 1950.

Eastman Color Print Film 5281 / 7281

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Eastman Panchromatic Separation Film 5216

Black and white panchromatic film: Three-color separation positives from color negatives

Eastman Panchromatic Separation Film 5235

Black and white panchromatic film: Three-color separation positives from color negatives

Kodak Vision 250D Color Negative Film 5246 / 7246

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight, 250 ASA

Kodak Vision 200T Color Negative Film 5274 / 7274

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 200 ASA

Eastman Special Order Print Film SO-886

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Kodak Vision Color Print Film 2383

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Kodak Vision Premiere Color Print Film 2393

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Kodak Vision 800T Color Negative Film 5289

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 800 ASA

Kodak Vision Color Intermediate Film 2242 / 3242

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Kodak Vision 800T Color Negative Film 7289

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, 16mm, Tungsten, 800 ASA

Kodak Panchromatic Separation Film 2238

Black and white panchromatic film: Three-color separation positives from color negatives

Kodak Vision "Expression" 500T Color Negative Film 5284 / 7284

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 500 ASA

Kodak Vision 500T Color Negative Film 5263 / 7263

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 500 ASA

Kodak Vision2 500T Color Negative Film 5218 / 7218

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, 35 mm, 16 mm, 8 mm, Tungsten, 500 ASA

Kodak Vision2 "Expression" 500T Color Negative Film 5229 / 7229

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 500 ASA

Kodak Vision2 250D Color Negative Film 5205 / 7205

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight, 250 ASA

Kodak Vision2 100T Color Negative Film 5212 / 7212

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack

Kodak Vision2 200T Color Negative Film 5217 / 7217

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, 35 mm, 16 mm, 8 mm, Tungsten, 200 ASA

Kodak Vision2 50D Color Negative Film 5201 / 7201

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, daylight, 50 ASA

Kodak Vision2 "HD Color Scan Film" 500T Color Negative Film 5299 / 7299

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 500 ASA

Kodak Vision3 500T Color Negative Film 5219 / 7219

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 500 ASA

Kodak Vision2 500T Color Negative Film 5260

Subtractive 3 color: Chromogenic monopack, Tungsten, 500 ASA